The Hidden Danger

The most well-known pathology of carbohydrate metabolism is diabetes. However, there are several other, less severe conditions that deserve attention. Timely prevention and lifestyle correction can significantly slow down the development of the problem.

Glucose is a kind of energy currency for the body. Our food consists of 50-70% carbohydrates. During the digestive process, complex carbohydrates are converted into monosaccharides under the action of numerous enzymes, with glucose playing the most important role. Entering the bloodstream through the intestinal walls, it is transported to cells and participates in chemical reactions that release energy. When blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas synthesizes the hormone insulin, which facilitates the delivery of glucose to tissues and its consumption by cells. As needed, excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and then released again. This mechanism prevents sharp spikes in blood glucose levels.

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE DISORDERS

An alarming symptom is usually considered to be an increase in fasting blood glucose levels above 5.5 mmol/L, while exceeding 7 mmol/L is regarded as a symptom of type 2 diabetes. However, recently endocrinologists have been drawing patients' attention to the fact that carbohydrate metabolism can be disturbed even if fasting glucose levels remain normal. This condition is called glucose tolerance disorder. Previously, it was regarded as prediabetes or a latent form of diabetes, but today it is considered a separate independent disease.

For reliable diagnosis of this problem, a glucose tolerance test must be performed: first, the subject's fasting glucose level is measured, then they need to drink a concentrated glucose solution, after which the blood glucose level is measured again at certain time intervals. Such a load test allows for the detection of situations where glucose is absorbed by tissues too slowly. In this case, its interaction with biological structures does not proceed through the normal glycosylation pathway involving enzymes, but follows a pathological glycation scenario.

PROTEIN + SUGAR = glycation

In general, glycation is a complex transformation of proteins known as the Maillard reaction. Similar processes occur when baking bread or frying meat, when a dense dark crust forms under high temperatures and a characteristic "fried" smell arises. During this process, advanced glycation end products (AGE) are formed, which cause denaturation of the body's main structural protein - collagen. Under the influence of AGE, the ordered spiral structure of collagen molecules is disrupted, leading to chaotic cross-linking, which makes biological tissues stiff and inelastic.

AGE also react with phospholipids of cell membranes, disrupting their functions. These dangerous compounds exhibit free radical activity, causing oxidative stress and chronic microinflammation at the tissue level. Moreover, they bind to receptors on immune cells - macrophages, leading to a decrease in local immunity.

The concept of glycation explains the clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia that have long been known and are usually associated with diabetes. These include various neuropathies, microangiopathies, vision deterioration, and premature skin aging. As we can see, they can develop long before the diagnosis of "diabetes" is made. Moreover, this complex of "minor signs" should raise certain concerns, and based on it, a decision should be made to conduct a glucose tolerance test.

HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE PROBLEM?

Genetic predisposition, excess weight, physical inactivity, and age over 40 are usually cited as factors for glucose tolerance disorders. Some medications (primarily glucocorticoids) can also impair the ability of cells to absorb glucose. External signs that may indicate glucose tolerance disorders include:

• Increased skin dryness, flaking and itching, slow healing of scratches and bruises, bleeding gums, hair loss. Glycation makes capillaries brittle and reduces their elasticity, disrupting tissue nutrition.

• Pigmented spots. AGE interfere with the natural process of removing the waste pigment melanin from the skin.

• Furuncles, fungal skin and mucosal diseases. AGE dull local immune mechanisms and promote the development of infections.

• Night appetite and thirst, increased urination.

NUTRITION AND MOVEMENT

To prevent this pathology from progressing to diabetes, it is recommended to follow a low-carbohydrate diet. It is important to remember that humans do not have evolved genetic mechanisms to control excessive sugar consumption. When we eat natural, unrefined food, the conversion of complex carbohydrates into simple ones occurs gradually. This creates buffering mechanisms that help avoid sharp increases in blood sugar levels and the formation of harmful compounds. Fruits contain not only sugar but also pectins, which absorb many unwanted metabolic products. In the case of abundant consumption of simple sugars, these buffering and detoxification mechanisms do not work. Active sports significantly increase tissue sensitivity to glucose even independently of insulin synthesis. It is advisable to engage in physical activity at least 3 times a week for 30 minutes, combining aerobic and strength training.

SPECIAL CARE, SPECIAL ATTENTION

Skin prone to glycation cannot properly perform its barrier functions. It is easily damaged due to the dryness of the outer layers and regenerates slowly. Therefore, it is necessary to care for it especially carefully and attentively.

I can suggest a daily program based on the most favorable cosmetic products. The unparalleled "Bio Classica" line from Dr.Belter has absorbed the best components for effective skin hydration.

Here is the hydroactive strengthening serum "Aquasilk", designed for all skin types, especially for those in need of instant intensive hydration.

And also the hydroactive moisturizing cream-gel "Aquasilk 24" with lipids, organic oils, extracts, 24-hour moisturizing action, and ultra-light texture. It contains hyaluronic acid, vegan biotechnological silk proteins, and anti-aging factors to provide smoothness, firmness, and radiance to the skin.

If you need to instantly hydrate your skin, the cream-gel mask with an express lifting effect and moisturizing action is perfect. Encapsulated and free forms of hyaluronic acid create hydro reserves in the skin, filling wrinkles and preventing trans-epidermal water loss. The extract of Alpinia Galanga stimulates the production of its own hyaluronic acid. Silk proteins and vitamin E protect the skin from stress factors. Organic aloe vera oil, milk peptides, and vitamin E give the skin freshness and elasticity. The use of ampoule concentrates also makes any skincare procedure rich and complete.

Moisturizing concentrate for dehydrated and tight skin based on silk proteins, hyaluronic acid, and vitamins. It is a true source of moisture and nourishment for dehydrated and tense skin. Innovative microsphere carriers, saturated with vitamins A, C, and E, regenerate, energize, and give the skin a healthy appearance and beauty.

I invite you for a consultation on natural skin rejuvenation and selecting quality cosmetics for daily care.

To schedule an appointment, call +380677802213